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Networking·May 8, 2026·13 min read

Your Service Worked at 1,000 RPS. At 3,000 It Started Failing With 'Connection Refused'. Welcome to TIME_WAIT and conntrack.

Two unrelated kernel limits bite high-throughput Kubernetes services: ephemeral port exhaustion from TIME_WAIT and conntrack table overflow. Same symptom, different root causes, different fixes.

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Networking·May 6, 2026·10 min read

Your gRPC Connection Worked for an Hour, Then Stopped. Welcome to Keepalive Hell.

gRPC connections silently die behind load balancers, NAT gateways, and idle timeouts. The keepalive settings that prevent this are documented separately on every side and you need all four to agree.

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